One thinks of Teddy Roosevelt achieving national fame by charging up San Juan Heights in Cuba, William Howard Tafts terms as governor-general in the Philippines and then Secretary of War (with supervision over the colonies), Daniel Burnhams ambitious urban plans for Manila and Baguio, Margaret Meads fieldwork in American Samoa, and New Dealer Rexford Tugwells governorship of Puerto Rico. Acquisitions of US Territory, 1783-1853 - etc.usf.edu The historical literature on bases is growing quickly, with an especially tight focus on the tense relationships between bases and their surrounding areas. The books in this collection are in the public domain and are free to use and reuse. 1848. The tacit assumption is that the empire didnt matter for what came next. 9. ",#(7),01444'9=82. 39. Oregon Territory. WhatsApp Chat is free, download and try it now here! The territorial acquisitions of the United States, 1787-1904, an historical review, Names Bicknell, Edward. Erez Manela, The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism (Oxford, 2007). can i please get some help with this :) Between 1857 and 1903, the United States acquired many new territorial possessions around the globe. Wall maps. Relief shown by hachures. To the story of the United States attempt to encompass Indians within its territorial framework should be added the story of the United States grappling with self-constituted Indian polities, on which see Brian DeLay, Indian Polities, Empire, and the History of American Foreign Relations, Diplomatic History 39, no. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Search for other works by this author on: The Author 2016. 36. Besides the above, see especially Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics (Berkeley, CA, 1990); Katharine H. S. Moon, Sex among Allies: Military Prostitution in U.S.Korea Relations (New York, 1997); McCaffrey, Military Power and Popular Protest ; Maria Hhn, GIs and Frauleins: The German-American Encounter in 1950s West Germany (Chapel Hill, NC, 2002); Ji-Yeon Yuh, Beyond the Shadow of Camptown: Korean Military Brides in America (New York, 2002); Petra Goedde, GIs and Germans: Culture, Gender, and Foreign Relations, 19451959 (New Haven, CT, 2003); Mark L. Gillem, America Town: Building the Outposts of Empire (Minneapolis, MN, 2007); Masumichi S. Inoue, Okinawa and the U.S. Military: Identity Making in the Age of Globalization (New York, 2007); Harvey Neptune, Caliban and the Yankees: Trinidad and the United States Occupation (Chapel Hill, NC, 2007); Steven High, Base Colonies in the Western Hemisphere, 19401967 (New York, 2009); Lipman, Guantnamo ; Lutz, ed., The Bases of Empire ; David Vine, Island of Shame: The Secret History of the U.S Military Base on Diego Garcia (Princeton, NJ, 2009); Maria Hhn and Seungsook Moon, eds., Over There: Living with the U.S. Military Empire from World War Two to the Present (Durham, NC, 2010); Amy Austin Holmes, Social Unrest and American Military Bases in Turkey and Germany since 1945 (Cambridge, 2014); Sasha Davis, The Empires Edge: Militarization, Resistance, and Transcending Hegemony in the Pacific (Athens, GA, 2015); and Vine, Base Nation . ]d*d>&Pd,QMG{\T-8FFSI>rK}bbSh]Z")aqvTI*FI}jO~>(-lL%cd&ct2Pd{>t: 91 R5(LtT+3l1YZzDzL>X2LkR:&.iz>,!9)9s6G&f!))wGc/=-UHwkAx#qhO 33. Benedict Anderson called it the logo map. 13. Histories of the United States are, by and large, histories of the logo map. The promotion of Hawaii and Alaska to statehood can be seen as part of the global decolonization movement. Or jump ahead to the 2008 presidential election, which pitted Barack Obama, a Hawaiian (born shortly after Hawaii became a state), against John McCain, a Zonian (i.e., born in the Panama Canal Zone), and Sarah Palin, the governor of Alaska. Perhaps not coincidentally, this was precisely the time when the Wisconsin School developed its understanding of U.S. empire as an informal undertaking. That is the same number that the American Historical Review has published. Why were so many new possessions located in the Pacific Ocean? The territorial acquisitions of the United States, -1904, an historical review. Includes Sandwich Islands inset, world map inset, statistical tables, notes, and ill. 23 In the past decade, Diplomatic History has dramatically increased its publishing on the Philippines, with an article every two or three years. For a widely read recent articulation of the Williams thesis that the United States has pursued imperialism by other means, see Richard H. Immerman, Empire for Liberty: A History of American Imperialism from Benjamin Franklin to Paul Wolfowitz (Princeton, NJ, 2010). United States Maps: Acquisition of Territory; Expansionism Mariana Islands, United Nations Trust Territory; 1986 most islands adopt I am counting the time between when a territory was annexed to the United States to the time it was admitted to the Union as a state. It was but one in a long chain of violent acts undertaken by Puerto Rican nationalists under the leadership of Pedro Albizu Campos, arguably the most important domestic opponent of the U.S. empire in the twentieth century. 41. 28. But he grew disillusioned and turned against the U.S. government, becoming, in the words of J. Edgar Hoover (who held him under surveillance for three decades), the guiding light of Puerto Rican nationalism. Boston, Small, Maynard & company, 1904. The United States of America, as a name, was accurate for less than seven weeks. But what isnt important to the argument is the formal empire. It also added to its colonial holdings in 1947 with the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands: technically a trusteeship administered by the United States on behalf of the United Nations, but held under a unique arrangement that allowed the UN almost no effective oversight. $.' Rather, we encounter the United States as something new: a dynamic and heterogeneous polity, with borders shifting throughout North America, the Caribbean, the Arctic, and the Pacific. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. James R. Blaker, United States Overseas Basing: An Anatomy of the Dilemma (New York, 1990), 33. The history of American expansion and the story of our new possessions. For a sustained engagement by a Wisconsin-School historian with formal imperialism, see Walter LaFeber, The Panama Canal: The Crisis in Historical Perspective , rev. The independent United Stated flirted with the idea of annexing Cuba from the time of Thomas Jefferson's' administration. That is, for perspective, substantially longer than the French possessed Indochina or than King Leopold and Belgium held the Congo. 2. I have an assignment, and please dont copy any words and no plagiarism please. More recent work that explores the subordinated status of western territories includes Earl S. Pomeroy, The Territories and the United States, 18611890: Studies in Colonial Administration (Philadelphia, PA, 1947); Whitney T. Perkins, Denial of Empire: The United States and Its Dependencies (Leyden, 1962); Jack Ericson Eblen, The First and Second United States Empires: Governors and Territorial Government, 17841912 (Pittsburgh, PA, 1968); Andrew R. L. Cayton, The Frontier Republic: Ideology and Politics in the Ohio Country, 17801825 (Kent, OH, 1986); Peter S. Onuf, Statehood and Union: A History of the Northwest Ordinance (Bloomington, IN, 1987); Peter J. Kastor, The Nations Crucible: The Louisiana Purchase and the Creation of America (New Haven, CT, 2004); Gary Lawson and Guy Seidman, The Constitution of Empire: Territorial Expansion and American Legal History (New Haven, CT, 2004); Sanford Levinson and Bartholomew H. Sparrow, eds., The Louisiana Purchase and American Expansion, 18031898 (Lanham, MD, 2005); and Go, Patterns of Empire . Annexation by the United States - Cuban Studies Institute Mexican Cession. Revolutionary War, Purchased from France for $15 million, including The zip has the lab results and etc. 1959, Annexation of independent republic; Statehood 1959, Acquired with Hawaii; under the jurisdiction of the Kami Export - imperialism_DBQ_1.pdf - AMERICAN IMPERIALISM Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. 47. Bicknell, E. (1904) The territorial acquisitions of the United States, -1904, an historical review. CLASS Discussion Board 5: The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez The Historical Office of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) dates to 1949. 1 0 obj Manua was annexed in 1904, then added to American Samoa. A very good overview of bases and other points within the network of U.S. postwar power projection is Ruth Oldenziel, Islands: The United States as a Networked Empire, in Gabrielle Hecht, ed., Entangled Geographies: Empire and Technopolitics in the Global Cold War (Cambridge, MA, 2011), 1342. The country claimed 94 such islands, nearly all in the Caribbean and Pacific, by 1903. 26. Also available in digital form. 11. 5 (2011): 134891. One might think its because U.S. historians are exceptionalists and dont pay attention to empire. of the Interior, Annexed 1922; later airline refueling; currently uninhabited; 38, Yet from its territorial apex, the United States did something unprecedented. for $7.2 million; statehood 1959, Annexation of independent republic; statehood 1959, Purchased from Spain Vendor: Bernard J. Shapero Books (London) Acquisitions control no. Can we say the same about the overseas territories? Certainly, in terms of size, current overseas holdings dont add up to muchall U.S. overseas territory today, including military bases, comprises an area smaller than Connecticut. Cover-title. Besides the histories of military bases listed above, exemplary studies of small spaces include Ron Robins examination of embassies and cemeteries in Enclaves of America: The Rhetoric of American Political Architecture Abroad, 19001965 (Princeton, NJ, 1992); John Lindsay-Polands portrait of San Jose Island in Emperors in the Jungle: The Hidden History of the U.S. in Panama (Durham, NC, 2003), ch. xTnI}nw(qA0!`%vl@$;;cTT\\^>HBJJI^IFBUv;_A?HP//4 p"1 47. I have emphasized the United States overseas colonies, places like Puerto Rico and the Philippines. The extraordinary maps they made showed the United States as it had become, not a contiguous mass but rather an empire with global reach. U.S. Territorial Acquisitions United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904 United States <> Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Philippines Island, Midway Island, Guam and more. The Territory of the United States, 1845-1886 A map from 1886 of the United States showing the territories ceded by Mexico and the acquisition of Alaska. That list includes some of the most written-about figures in U.S. history: John Pershing, George C. Marshall, Douglas MacArthur, and Dwight Eisenhower. 32 And it included the internment of Alaska Natives from the Aleutian Islands by the U.S. government. The country's first and largest territorial acquisition was the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 for $10 million; it nearly doubled the landmass of the original 13 states. At upper left margin: No. Annexation - Wikipedia HISTORY United States: world's fourth largest country in terms of area #1: Russia #2: Canada #3: China migration: the movement of people within a country or region . 10511898, section 2, Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueos, Hunter College, CUNY. Between 1857 and 1903, the United States acquired many new territorial possessions around the globe. The Journal of American History has never printed his name. Its common in our field to emphasize the year 1898 and the war with Spain. In the 1840s and 1850s, US leaders saw Cuba's strategic importance Annexation by the United States Read . for $5 million in assumed claims under Adams-Ons Treaty, Purchase from Mexico * I am grateful to Alvita Akiboh, Michael Allen, Daniel Bessner, Brooke Blower, Michael Falcone, John Immerwahr, Julia Irwin, Aaron OConnell, Andrew Preston, Daniel Sargent, and the Huntington Library Long-Term Fellows Working Group for their thoughts on this essay and to Christopher Capozzola for introducing me to the term Greater United States.. Kate Zernike, A Palin Joined Alaskan Third Party, Just Not Sarah Palin, New York Times , September 3, 2008. for $25 million; currently an organized, unincorporated U.S. territory under jurisdiction of Office of Insular Affairs of the Dept. On the Insular Cases and the legal questions of empire see especially Christina Duffy Burnett and Marshall Burke, eds., Foreign in a Domestic Sense: Puerto Rico, American Expansion, and the Constitution (Durham, NC, 2001); Christina Duffy Burnett, Untied States: American Expansion and Territorial Deannexation, University of Chicago Law Review 72 (2005): 797879; Bartholomew H. Sparrow, The Insular Cases and the Emergence of American Empire (Lawrence, KS, 2006); Kal Raustiala, Does the Constitution Follow the Flag? sovereign, self-governing republic, United Nations Trust Territory; in 1994 became a The United States History Economy and Culture HISTORY - SlideToDoc.com In 2000, the Puerto Rican Day Parade in New York was dedicated to Albizu (and to the struggle of Vieques against the U.S. Navy). 1856; under the jurisdiction of the U.S. United States Acquisitions and Annexations 1857-1904 Other Gains in the Pacific The United States government intervened in other parts of the Pacific at the same time that events played out in the Spanish-American War. It was entitled Greater United States. 19. At its establishment in 1834, Indian Territory extended from the top of present-day Texas to the Canadian border and from the Mississippi to the Rockies. 161. (Oxford, 1989). There is a K-8 school named after him in Harlem: P.S. 29,670. 1856; under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Available also Peabody, M. M. (Moody Morse) - Peabody, M. M. Wall map. Each franchise was licensed to operate within a . Its not only the Philippines. See, for example, James C. Fernald, The Imperial Republic (New York, 1899); Alpheus H. Snow, The Administration of Dependencies: A Study of the Evolution of the Federal Empire, with Special Reference to American Colonial Problems (New York, 1902); and Willis Fletcher Johnson, A Century of Expansion (New York, 1903). America Acquires Alaska Secretary of State William Seward arranged for the purchase of Alaska from Russia Showed U. S. Imperialism Also made it clear to the rest of the world that the U. S. was becoming a world power. Includes notes and statistics table including population and distances. endobj self-governing U.S. commomwealth, United Nations Trust Territory; 1986 became a Surely, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos died in the war. Most U.S. historians, especially when working on the zoomed-out, textbook level, implicitly take as their unit of analysis only a part of the United States, the contiguous part. The 18981899 annexations showed U.S. thinkers their country from a new perspective. United states acquisitions and annexations 1857-1904; Was the united states on the axis powers or allied powers? On December 29, 1845, Texas became the 28th state. https://www.loc.gov/item/04014391/. 21. united states acquisitions and annexations 1857 1904 46, The War on Terror has drawn our attention to how crucial small overseas sites can be to the projection of power. And for the U.S. nationals who inhabited those colonies, it was a traumatic affair. In a series of cases from 1901 to 1922, known as the Insular Cases , the Supreme Court considered whether the territories were part of the United States as referred to in the Constitution, i.e., it asked whether the Constitution applied to them. Nevertheless, it is worth pointing out that a full census of all the people who lived under U.S. jurisdiction at the wars endresidents of the states, colonies, and occupied zonesreveals the astonishing fact that the majority (51%) lived outside of the continental United States. The figure I have given for the black population attempts to account for black people throughout the Greater United States, not just on the mainland. Levittown, Puerto Rico, that is. When we factor the territories in, were left not with the logo mapthe familiar compact and static land mass.

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