How Long Was Joseph In Potiphars House? Sassmannshausen, 1999, p. 413, n. 22). Babylon under Kassite rulers, who renamed the city Karanduniash, re-emerged as a political and military power in Mesopotamia. 58, no. Who were the Kassites in the Bible? - Wisdom-Advices Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. The chronology of the Kassite rulers is very uncertain. They had encountered many different kingdoms and tribes before they reached their destination. Sassmannshausen (2001, p. 137) infers that they were subjected to Kassite inspectors. Five prominent individuals and several places in Inner Media had Kassite names. Altorientalische Forschungen (in German) (30): 372381. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. MOSAIC GLASS FROM HASANLU, MARLIK, AND TELL AL-RIMAH. Journal of Glass Studies, vol. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that ; De Smet, 1990; De Graef, 1998, pp. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. The Kassite and Dynasty List of Kings - Bible History Tukulti-Ninurta of Assyria conquered Babylon in 1225 B.C., but the Kassites survived Assyrian pressure until twelfth-century wars with Elam finally resulted in the end of their suzerainty. 409-24. Gasche et al. Trustees of the British Museum. The attempt of A. Ancillotti (1981) to demonstrate that Kassite is originally an Indo-Aryan language is not convincing. A number of the Amarna Letters are correspondence between the respective rulers (including 14 between the Pharaoh and the Kassite ruler). I. M. Diakonoff and S. M. Kashkai, Geographical Names According to Urartian Texts, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 9, Wiesbaden, 1979. Early on, refurbishments were conducted of the various religious and administrative buildings, the first of these datable to Kurigalzu I. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 219-45. Around 1500 BC. We care about our planet! The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 146-164, Brinkman, John Anthony. Thereafter, Kassite groups and individuals are recorded in northern Babylonia, especially around Sippar Yahrurum (see Zadok, 1987, pp. [51] It is found in many Moesoptamia cities including Eridu and Tell Khaiber. Most of the Kassite kings ruled on an average of 17 to 20 years. Agum the prince (? The Kassite kings were called, by themselves and their colleagues in other Near Eastern states, kings of the land of Kar(an)dunia, the latter being a term for Babylonia that may have been Kassite in origin (del Monte and Tischler, 1978, pp. However, tribal organization was not strange to the Babylonian society itself also in the Middle Babylonian period (see Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. 181). 11, No. 1150-985 BCE), viz., the second dynasty of Isin, the second dynasty of the Sealand, and the Bazi dynasty, had Akkadian, Kassite, and hybrid (Akkadian-Kassite) names. The governor of Nippur was in charge of an economic organization, which collected numerous agricultural deliveries and imposts from broad parts of Babylonia. This governor seems to have enjoyed a special, apparently privileged, status among the other provincial governors (Sassmannshausen tends to compare his role to that of a chief minister of the state: Kanzler). (Optional) Enter email address if you would like feedback about your tag. (1998, pp. After this point, the Kassites had faded into obscurity. The findings of those digs can be found HERE. The Kassite penetration into Mesopotamia. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Their religion revolved around worship of three major gods, one for . 3, 1963, pp. Where is Ancient Babylon Located Today? - Answers "Now a river flowed out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it divided and became four rivers. Our collection of maps are simple and they are free. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Bible Charts and Maps, PO Box 171053, Austin, TX 78717 2, 1986, pp. Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon. It is thought that the Kassites originated as tribal groups in the Zagros Mountains to the north-east of Babylonia. Unique Circular Format see more in less space. "Ur:" The Kassite Period and the Period of the Assyrian Kings"." Yanoam, is not known (maybe Yaknoam). Aktuelle Forschungsprobleme in der vorderasiatischen Archologie, Hildesheim, 1995, pp. The Hittites (/ h t a t s /) were an Anatolian people who played an important role in establishing first a kingdom in Kussara before 1750 BC, then the Kanesh or Nesha kingdom (ca. Scholars today are still debating the historical identity of the Cushites. Just Genesis : Who Were the Kushites? - Blogger Ghent and Chicago: The University of Ghent and The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. During this time, Joseph was born and eventually sold into Egypt. ), whose kings were native Babylonians. The emergence of the Kassite state took place in the 16th and 15th centuries BCE, which are almost devoid of documentation. They conquered lands in Mesopotamia and in what is now Turkey. In addition to their original members and dependents, both sectors absorbed prisoners of war, fugitive foreigners. More could be said about archaeology and the conquest of Canaan but for the sake of this post I will not include everything. (2015). Who were the kassites in the Bible? Jt. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. During and after the Bronze Age Collapse Babylonia was invaded by their neighbors, the Elamites and the Assyrians. R. Pientka, Die Sptaltbabylonische Zeit: Abieu bis Samsuditana: Quellen, Jahresdaten, Geschichte, 1, 2, Imgula 2, Mnster, 1998. First Century Israel Map - 124, no. 3, 1972, pp. Coss(a)ei, Cossiaei, etc., i.e., Kassites (along with he Kissa as the name of the Kassites country; see Weissbach, 1921, 1922; Eilers, 1957-58, p. 135; Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 471b). [37] According to the Assyrian Synchronistic Chronicle, which is not considered reliable, the last Kassite king, Enlil-nadin-ahi, was taken to Susa and imprisoned there in 1155 BC, where he also died. 6969, Albrecht Goetze, "The Kassites and Near Eastern Chronology,", This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 22:04. There is very little evidence for serious political problems before the thirteenth century BC when Assyria to the north and Elam to the east began to threaten Babylonia, and eventually brought an end to Kassite control. 2. In tablet #149, Abi-Milku praises Pharaoh and compares him to Sun god. Ran Zadok, "KASSITES,"Encyclopdia Iranica, online edition, 2015, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kassites (accessed on 13May2015). It is believed that in the ancient city existed the legendary "Hanging Gardens of Babylon," which were terraced gardens of celestial beauty that were maintained by an automated watering mechanism. 8, line 46; 9, 41). The Incredible Bible - First in the BKA Series. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 38, no. Your email address will not be published. Where did the Kassite people originally come from? Many of them were integrated in the Babylonian social structure (De Smet, 1990, p. 10). Volume 1 Kardunia. Abraham was from the city of Ur according to Genesis 11:31 above. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. (Joshua 24:2 NIV), So because Gideon broke down Baals altar, they gave him the name Jerub-Baal that day, saying, Let Baal contend with him. (Judges 6:32 NIV), You must not worship the LORD your God in their way, because in worshiping their gods, they do all kinds of detestable things the LORD hates. Kassites stayed in Babylonia, but their main concentration was the central Zagros northeast of Babylonia, notably in Namri and Bt-Hamban. Ancient Jerusalem - Interactive Study of Jerusalem with Map. The rulers of Allabria, Hubukia, and Ginguhtu, regions in the direction of present-day West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, bore Kassite names (Ianzi-buria, Ianz, and Ursi respectively). M. Heinz, Migration und Assimilation im 2. 27181. The Kassites took refuge in the mountains but were brought down and resettled, in standard Assyrian practice, in Hardispi and Bit Kubatti, which were made part of the Arrapha district. Later rule shifted to the new city of Dur-Kurigalzu. Biblical Archaeology Review is the guide on that fascinating journey. "16. [18] Often situated on the surface, many were found early and made their way to museums around the world. Havilah | Encyclopedia.com The date and the exact conditions of this seizure of power are unknown to us, the first decades of the Kassite dynasty being unknown to us. Required fields are marked *. A terminus post quem for the Kassites penetration into the Middle Euphrates region and Upper Mesopotamia in general can be deduced from the absence of Kassite names.in the rich documentation from early Old Babylonian Mari, Tuttul, Tall Lln, and Chaghar Bazar. The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. "Studies Concerning the Kassite Period Ekur of Nippur: Construction History and Finds". 9 f.) thinks that the governor of Nippur was the head of the Babylonian aristocrats, but his suggestion, namely, that in the personality of the governor of Nippur was manifested to a certain degree the personality of a second king, cannot be substantiated. Idem, Hurrians as Well as Individuals Bearing Hurrian and Strange Names in Sumerian Sources, in A. F. Rainey, A. Kempinski, and M. Sigrist, eds., Kinatttu a drti. Iran 12.1 (1974): 99-124. 7 f.) maintains that (1) the real owner of the country was the king, who granted land, and at least at the beginning of the Kassite period there was no land tenure outside of crown grant; (2) persons holding landed property had to perform certain duties to the king; exemption was possible only by royal decree. [4] The Kassite religion is also poorly known. Who are the Ethiopian people in the Bible? One Kassite invention was the boundary stone (kudurru), a block of stone that served as a record of a grant of land by the king to favoured persons. 233-42. The private sector, i.e., free families and clans living in urban and rural settlements and represented in community assemblies, included private artisans. A. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Remnants of two Kassite glass beakers were found during the 1964 excavation in a (c. 800 BC) destruction layer of Hasanlu, in northwest Iran. K. Nashef, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der mittelbabylonischen und mittelassyrischen Zeit, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 5, Wiesbaden, 1982. These grants were recorded on stone stelae (sing. Astour, Michael C. The Name of the Ninth Kassite Ruler. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. Bible History - C. 1404-1062 BC From the beginning, we have great leaders of the people such as Abraham, Joseph, Moses, and Joshua. According to the accounts in Genesis, and the dates that follow throughout the entirety of the era of Kings and Judges, the Exodus occurred in 1312bce, which is 2448 years from the creation of Adam. In Mark William Chavalas (ed.). It was located near the Euphrates River . Katiliau of Terqa was probably a contemporary of Abi-euh (1711-1684 BCE; see Podany, 2002, pp. 469 f.; Dosch and Deller, 1981), as well as in Middle Assyrian documents (see Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 470; cf. Kassite period. [12] Several tablets dated to the reign of Agum III were found at the Dilmun site of Qal'at al-Bahrain. It was written plain as day in the Egyptian language. [7], Documentation of the Kassite period depends heavily on the scattered and disarticulated tablets from Nippur, where thousands of tablets and fragments have been excavated. This God held this position for many years after Kassite rule hand ended. Armstrong, James A., and Hermann Gasche. 3, 1973, pp. 47, 100, 102 ff., 115 ff., 122). [34] Being in close proximity the Assyrians and Kassites often came into political and military conflict over the next few centuries. )], Buga[u?] Both regions remained linked with the Babylonian government during the 11th and 10th century BCE, but from 850 BCE onwards they passed to the Assyrian sphere of influence (see Brinkman, 1968, pp. (paternal name) seem to be the only ones which resemble names with relevance to Kassites (cf. Volume 2 Kardunia. [21] At the site of Isin, which had been abandoned after the time of Samsu-iluna, major rebuilding work occurred on the religious district including the temple of Gula. 91-113. In the image below the reasoning behind the test is show. 247 ff., 258 f.). Books They date the fall of Babylon to ca. kassites in the bible. "Kassite." The Sealand, which was ruled by another dynasty perhaps since the demise of Babylons rule in the south, was incorporated into Babylonia in ca. "18. Iraq Museum, Limestone relief of a male figure from Tell al-Rimah, Iraq. 160 f.; also > Kunu-; cf. Ancient Orient Museum, Duck-shaped weight mentioning the name of the priest Mashallim-Marduk, Kassite, from Babylon. [2] There are records of Kassite and Babylonian interactions, in the context of military employment, during the reigns of Babylonian kings Samsu-iluna (1686 to 1648 BC), Ab-euh, and Amm-ditna. 421 f.). Krishna was the father of Abraham (Brahma). At some point between the 14th and 9th centuries BCE, the great ziggurat of Babylon was built which would later become associated with the Tower of Babel. Jahresband, 1969, pp. The Kassites - Bible History "Inscription of Kurigalzu I". kassites in the bible J. Boese and G. Wilhelm, Aur-dn I., Ninurta-apil-Ekur und die mittelassyrische Chronologie, WZKM 71, 1979, pp. History and Archaeology of the World's Oldest CityBabel/Babylon and A Kassite Cylinder Seal from the Arabian Gulf. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. The event is recorded in Genesis 12. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 150 f.; see Balkan, 1954, pp. The Kassites left no cultural impact in Babylonia. A. Most sukallu officials bore Kassite names as late as the period of the second Isin dynasty (see Brinkman, 1976-80, pp. How does violence against the family pet affect the family? [2] A dynasty of Kassite origin ruled Babylonia starting with the fifteenth century BCE. ). 6, no. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Ruled the Babylonian Empire after Hammurabi and the First Babylonian Dynasty examines the impact the Kassites had on the region. This relief shows 3 different peoples essentially having Egyptian rule placed over them. The most advanced Bible dictionary as a part of Biblia Plus, which includes everything you need to take your Bible study to the next level.

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