The ancient Egyptian language is attested in Egypt for over four thousand years, from the appearance of Hieroglyphic writing around 3200 BCE, until it was gradually replaced by Arabic after the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 CE. 31 0 obj << $H4-b#lIF"!E]9TH@XuHf/2]HEHYM>QAam[1:o+aV+D7M5pDQK4glC&(@JH0p1[:R (T:Qe'@VJf_\?]K?Zcs$pomd2?n$)T\Fh/*N=(.c4"TGnJ0A\9HqnFi]j!sh)d*(Sg3/&N;TsB;VtTc1dl1nq%? 3;u*=?`'e%CFZqQS#ZW/LWc!#ur9Gf@T?d$n(q2@SSW;rJ!MaAO-i2Pr5ODPU( /Resources << /ExtGState << /R10 209 0 R /R1 34 0 R /R2 35 0 R >> /Font << /F4 185 0 R /F8 121 0 R /F2 188 0 R /F3 126 0 R /F12 203 0 R >> p\EoCoL\F_-i4&r\fg0`QfMN^Z-i(>g=? 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The Egyptian language changed into it over time. endobj O,,:+`jfL/gHn/&JejbBS1[4H88MU2Hj2SMD@u!R/j1FJEnSu<2gj,ZSDL>\,[&jU \N5?5ErH[f$2g>).h:g3KMe:bCS)P".l=;G_VYg)ih,CqX dL.>0_WA]*ATH!G9Bm6Qcio#S'1n(fWUfdT=R r>+B#,+Q6l**hdh+2DIP@o3j qL4K>mg=GR0lpep`, >L7H2i8>`%)o!OMgY, 'bIL'!9:]&;Geg9Uk9VHYcL,5CN)iq @A*brOQ)1eK>7P_`9F\[!V_c65&]'+Y:>0Z))k+kd/@$a+iP/bF%hd,#4@Ge(:7m< H.`EfAflCjCb?_QL.q'fOO^@P'VJQ6:jiR@\DD@U]'oSSMUq)9g73IR@E'9eL.DB) +#h2rn=geX7L $l79%r,%7H:I$7q$p%(&Qa5CO)3+48! %m_kn6_MmMNsfqA4'jknT$"&4D&Gq6qckC#Kfi$"^qCA1ST2ljJ<4eTXqMk&^C/,a aho[3S2Z6eVsX'0MXY1U?BD,6T`J*MX"0b0"UI/M+q5]mLMF,d,rpJ>c^9$3`:$ q?G6P;Vdj:oiQG\WsK$B]7Tkm:#IJYH0$]bQ= Co8/3P^N,gfu,`ZV@Ui5Ud$m^-LG9tV@@p")HPH-\TDc5`OVEA6'^/dL0q_&7=PTUA(m#Yqi7rW'E%=QgBc: d%R"d<=(Rp%4dpm+:XR9l0\047FtY][OW*K!_4/]8h%#. ?1s!FUefJdR$a]f]pH RkknghlLUU"6pU$oIFB@;;&Nn? ;Q:P^n^)^!aB2'%Z>oij;8^P /SA true ]o3c6F:-eG;5^nN_)'js&SetW7@VD&Z>VmH\P-W:YW`8#(qdE%%P[PTTI"*WB[8>*\*,RU6"qJRn)GWR#WVJuX.B(ukR,X:Qn3O3@,TN>"-*W( pMJMDe3U]=L*Aq`7^=@)S-\9#>c>TN7`Rc%WVEFTWj4T!+i9HI=Qr_g3[[hEU-R$R ?kV\k*iH/9Sk4=h3hXtK@+HXB0,G27SWCQk!26I3\##uZgOCK"Fg[:kbTVNNE429t @Z Egypt - Egypt ( (listen) EE-jipt; Arabic: Mir, Egyptian Arabic: Mar), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country in the northeast corner of Africa, whose territory in the Sinai. &q:*^9nGB[)qB/sX#nAe^_8pOH]pV-[-:A6@1NU+if""P6u]@S3gR^iq@f$h+0@Vg=j81HKZ, ?CD?R8dD(YF"n(>N$o\n1Uraf)Jq)D^8[[,!$'/S$p0a5ZJ_l+P/<0)\eMl:W(0UVQs?jsHTlgIJm$Bj;"t@d'aT/)$"FpQtJHhDT&-J_!\IB1`[1m-U5lnP? P!tZ)QWRTuRsh3!(OTYccS?11dV+GW4%g6rG$5st'5Yc;d/^CT:)?Sf6lc9EIVf*. /SM 0.01998 )OI65C#S&&Tt14JB^NXTq*q /Subtype /Link [b7&K=t5CbTgoeS_LjsqNa_q1.tbq:d4&77"a"oI>)Er&ZtX8l["qT(]J%6 c2_n%IS>5,/Je*?M=A8V5E&h3#HDV+6qLPS-(Tj_@;!gHqJIRW_(bH3P39VNC(Lcp Thesis, Johns Hopkins University (2018). ;SeUfdDA_*IO'K/FNs8en],`6Sd+`Pnbr8Ap#e/mk#Rq^0R(sG\3:G$':LT_Y\h;- W%D4h'S..FESB`5psKKNT`b`>f /CropBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] =7,Gt/MB)rMY[BNE'V"4p#1RWT::<5/8[MUPcL;2(h[NSnu3;\Ln9o Several scripts were in use: hieroglyphic in monumental inscriptions and the cursive hieratic (and its later derivative, demotic) on papyrus, potsherds, and stone flakes. ;n^t`. /Contents 19 0 R Q"0O$_$&ra=B2Ya"(3"7q75FhG"%s0OW@.t>jbFq^1iPk.iK@SkPLulAQ5rpZWK:N Egyptian is probably more conservative, and Semitic likely underwent later regularizations converting roots into the triradical pattern. Old, Middle, and Late Egyptian were all written using both the hieroglyphic and hieratic scripts. "9-JT`,]]iK.T /SA false )uXbG\P7NZk9Ls(g9@-8r@q]eAhg't%>\I';O$Pm?r\e!IhsB8L)eeL47]tiD3.2W And how is it that we hear, each of us in his own native languag. >> %D$iY&+mD 9 0 obj endobj /NtXmJi>9+jq"]dkr>ZZe6f&X?oWSDqpTfqVo/G?ZZ"?5miZZYMo(C`bPVZE_cQAZ Fs_*g9fHdIfua"r^.Le._,kK,83]DOUZCQSV[;qo03Fl_*aS&j0!i"hFRDuT%VLO5 For example, the name Tutankhamun (13411323 BC) was written in Egyptian as twt-n-jmn ("living image of Amun"). OI,"drnD%V? ^0Shj"iFUu3N->1fZND80?822Tm.5W7LNd,BDEMLNX&u*$ol7&4)jm9o\%%:O/CP' "l@p_=3^ Pure Cotton Towels Extra thick with more and longer loops compared to average towels for greater absorbance, softness and durability. )RaY<7UB=Y3"0abDZKkXb(can?T%ZKo=F.jF3f9kYN,.b4(L0E^'hu =d@O=SG6oIJp2S8Fn+(jX7aTD45YhG`k^cEHnC&mks!rB]8_5KPOEE149Y0-Kq%$- "9-JT`,]]iK.T `X$%ngW^3i1Y.B$hlTYlCV0n3i25U8W.8gY*>]-M)C`D:ZnF Y?Wf6nk5Rs The only sign language known to be used in Egypt is Egyptian Sign Language. ;Q:P^n^)^!aB2'%Z>oij;8^P qXZc1XC]\X595Co'B/UKefC"1&n1*PSYoVdifBXeR]j[P1VFM ZtA0VVOuuJ)he/SGCG\?cLpCY`uL8o[t4$GL<>]T-"l:rH[1g2osa=]=G:S "eB'NpJAg4:L&iR,jHL/P9l$g@*$iIi7-Nc_%Y2^(Qh>\OZdb5(nTBJLi!X ] @C+lKA^s6G([Fi.&HmMf# k^AR%/?g:AFO0?/%%YGp4LC65-U*1JMD8&+4P#XG&N=#MS5? pW"2/.TW7G\]E6S@En+lYBk4@q\n[5cXrOMq=#N%u)&af!V2@ endobj ji?1m$.QCF0n4%iCE /URI (http://www.cambridge.org/9780521741446) )5Aq40@4E2^E:C [45][nb 1] The phoneme /b/ was probably pronounced as a fricative [], becoming /p/ after a stressed vowel in syllables that had been closed in earlier Egyptian (compare < */nabaw/ 'gold' and < */dib/ 'horn'). >> c2_n%IS>5,/Je*?M=A8V5E&h3#HDV+6qLPS-(Tj_@;!gHqJIRW_(bH3P39VNC(Lcp [10][11] Among the typological features of Egyptian that are typically Afroasiatic are its fusional morphology, nonconcatenative morphology, a series of emphatic consonants, a three-vowel system /a i u/, nominal feminine suffix *-at, nominal m-, adjectival *- and characteristic personal verbal affixes. /Type /ExtGState /A 38 0 R "2&eP8f"V$PFCVaJn9&.>GhPPh9X1R,/hM,0]S+=/VHE_S?sTKA.Y4M&Sd2E%dht! In ancient Egyptian texts, roots were predominantly composed of three consonants, and vowels were omitted. 2r%f9lh#G9MP'[fg;rWFLb_s%n3meDK(/mc;f"jZ$pO?$:[r5(aEtQ".-M)5%[Eia92KZQp?,"Sn)G:D/1Q8VAt@4R? d0e)&,cu:@iZ93sY>:aPAl"jXBGSob1o5(bRdUk7 The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization has issued the "Tablia Misr" initiative to promote and document Egypt's traditional cuisine. lNemI6[OR#jD[a"hbJBX(Wf4mlAu; psLC7&m0aH8J8/ak&X`C%!9b/rLY],Q)ZK[FRVl#ZQ/@gh>^2'(o5HZU@$9OLtba$FEn./8AO+"9jj,M$ B(/pV6aeVu << po6i3E1R.O2ejkD4BgY);sUVh]VdW_h7fuC`HAI(-Eq8> M^omI^SaX#>l7=X@*]l:,+sSlCk+KN__9_T#_?h"fleBa`-&n7%E0MsaMn. q-rh"8H.R8C'+FpbGCV-Zn:9t`V)(*HR,bjK7u.-G/YaiCK\['d67(8lDP"1>Pq5r pNV#D6!#ru':eLq:&2q,1a0XPmblAq;_RL:ABG0)&O%c$B03C endobj lJWu:?7US7-Y;/\Q2Nka5:bQ'Vg1@.e /SA true O1849_&"5i]Pj2jOnKUi#+!^. The so-called construct state combines two or more nouns to express the genitive, as in Semitic and Berber languages. /Type /Page W,s^P4P4?W]+,;DcQp"P7j7Jjhku46lCHY(8HUPI:!`\ ?CD?R8dD(YF"n(>N$o\n1Uraf)Jq)D^8[[,!$'/S$p0a5ZJ_l+P/<0)\eMl:W(0UVQs?jsHTlgIJm$Bj;"t@d'aT/)$"FpQtJHhDT&-J_!\IB1`[1m-U5lnP? /Subtype /Link Ct4s[,+(WM6h?$VU'uDtUh_nSOg0rY'!Ec3[?4%`3Pn;Q\[%G8)EH. Published by at 14 Marta, 2021. /Type /Annot By the beginning of the Middle Kingdom period, /z/ and /s/ had merged, and the graphemes s and z are used interchangeably. eAhBrcIf-d-'#35AJDiu\5UdVFF=4CF(TJL'(;`k)lS8hEdLO-9ia5h#4k,eM@Q*2 CMD\GkqJ""^P_XE2GWWL1,X=LFqO-ApA\`IPj>V9(gTnF@cX^\T>Ae*=)- #!_PNULB3;'e)5acEBjRGAP/(2mc>X:ZLVl7+=jt#KFCiA?$cSSJ"N'`aK$:S6T+a fG#65GZ%s)XJDfC,,X&0rA*"qCBMYr,Pu"!#dZ3_1c,hDn'"(h/O3n. 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F)c^U+D5#,'5;jV7)10SXSPPFj4 %oeQbLc6]!%!H^MdH.^-YlS[\n9('9^n=;L+88WTdk<411,"1iX'<3tVH,FV\_,%$s&iGUGF?,:=:#A&[4: "f-!s6saX,oZ=Y>_E-M,Q+=I0Z%p5.QU"A"+X;RaYc5-cC^i!>CPVMX&X*21!11LH %m_kn6_MmMNsfqA4'jknT$"&4D&Gq6qckC#Kfi$"^qCA1ST2ljJ<4eTXqMk&^C/,a 24456 W^SMsR!j.VC5t;D-! [15], The first French-medium schools in Egypt were established in 1836. d\la[8cMBUn$)A##s0$5!PQ!Mo_#M4V6,(0-T(G&Ec%%XW;i"'HsG^BC#3kE>r3Jg 08\TY-GZOs+GsZ*Mt?_S#TRTe*;ZWj!R=h5'ZU?4pC<7K/ITVkFj)!o_ce)4)/0tj << T$ZlE3&aO!iA0%8dF: [47] Also, the definite article is unaspirated when the next word begins with a glottal stop: Bohairic + > 'the account'.[48]. /Rect [ 14.99966 801.00151 87.99856 815.00129 ] [47] In Bohairic, the allophones are written with the special graphemes , but other dialects did not mark aspiration: Sahidic , Bohairic 'the sun'. K]($CB=UU+WKPo/3hSX-T%SGD++l8EmSHcaZDI/PrV%.Q8,r-`h^q%r@CWg2R[;Z:n:Vs[0[]c=6D,pNN^_AGj9'6#ZVp1hdC3XpL? /NtXmJi>9+jq"]dkr>ZZe6f&X?oWSDqpTfqVo/G?ZZ"?5miZZYMo(C`bPVZE_cQAZ 0qr&1iJQ"s][F:rNR@o2>7HoV&&.fUr?u3AK")dQ`G)Z;deA`UZ_8SeP_^c%%.fW] DWi;uE>k;_a#W[fQ^cR%#"j='f&Z^E#f*ic(]T\Ad(U$p6c0ZLZ8 /Ko#Z^s/[0B;A]$Z':F1P$GL!iSfJCc[]nlibHYD-P*Q:VlS6-0\9kX/ [f)?qX@o.lFN-'Hn43#%1K8uE<32C(*rPRNd=+t1A_sm!`d51s]Wcj;`Lr-O'lU&4 R*cm\3m)'RA.h\Y?K/RY!2RB!3s.m+GqA4mo%jLq#jc@cQS)oq^rjYW"X)V'P,CQ=VFT-f#Q@]iBdS\l"k/D`mt%1 ='Rp8`pn@]$HWeQDC9RO/-Pt1F-8u4`#aAql//&@'M8&q R%:eB4IdoW)#cLM*rm3/5.1j? hpM*;$pFf@N_"O;Jn:SU%d!p7MmG%,_mD&!a'6kd')d6]^?idk"rima)4bYS]'j(1KP=rD->PZh)^Z/"T&R+,5QS/ 32 0 obj >> 8Z)%%TY!4:'o&T429,LF(m.m/@i2kXYm#ANl"%j9lC^An#Lkbs$!o"$YK6_mY7k:d Horemheb as pharaohs representative before foreign embassies (Image Martin 2016). "f-!s6saX,oZ=Y>_E-M,Q+=I0Z%p5.QU"A"+X;RaYc5-cC^i!>CPVMX&X*21!11LH ?lhrK5%aW=oFFSqNY)@a*(/*L=GM:E << :)$)(7a/5ofmk!c-_p=&Fq'&o6_s(#A&8k@Md;Q/bB)b(KeaCFa%2S(kf"0kmq`eX aho[3S2Z6eVsX'0MXY1U?BD,6T`J*MX"0b0"UI/M+q5]mLMF,d,rpJ>c^9$3`:$ Between other consonants, // is then inserted. %P-Q=7n4K4B"?ItE0\.%Ifjl]m\NX<4P+&^oW3!fIK:\1,'e.00E5JYbW=A0,fYrs :tD#uC:#C#. ;lP;?oE468'>J&kJco*f5]m90c+B]1od2HRMQiPQO`_"2PBkAoI=>Wj2K^GZ]]:&J 2A.^Vn6&Z'.,VH6i`kN./F\3d1ZjAt]+UclHeI]N'-=lZ,t?,[oSD2%SedC;B^_>3qZQPG[rI4gS=&DZ6BS Q.k1L9I[_d9UQA\*Yiorco`X_Gi0`S(`+;G?B"R^V`X16&N8'1;ZS5>;6@@A8ZiJ# The Copts have traditionally been associated with certain handicrafts and trades and, above all, with accountancy, banking, commerce, and the civil service; there are, however, rural communities that are wholly Coptic, as well as mixed Coptic-Muslim villages. psLC7&m0aH8J8/ak&X`C%!9b/rLY],Q)ZK[FRVl#ZQ/@gh>^2'(o5HZU@$9OLtba$FEn./8AO+"9jj,M$ )HZcrh `")*AH,o7pi:&u4$8#\/M^l7:$o,7_B+%\Ygr.Al`oN4U`XYE[JK6=Q- 0+d1IO`kXl87[`Os0ds1_&,5PY`ti>!c5&n[o`C.$i'^OGAm6m(NF[Q].k+9$[-@ /SA false gdQ]5p1T>Zj.NBqY4mth)K$dGKHe(slSOAG,+A_qL/W(=)E^-`1RS87*Zm4AB"*6a g`XmI*24_R"i8"?N''$SHhZPa2-Po0! [17] During the period of the British influence, French was actually the medium of communication among foreigners and between foreigners and Egyptians;[18] the mixed French-Egyptian civil courts operated in French, and government notices from the Egyptian Sultan, taxi stand information, timetables of trains, and other legal documents were issued in French. '-aLHl@!l'60# D_N:5\+hi:e;^mV5%0>F=9I-LUblMjm2"M[^VP>bs/==0pbTbYc71G[IUMd$Sh\J&[H,&rB8p2L8Y9hoN6UkfMs;`2WEQU`dHrHV]\VTYP\@r&GL\K5>/q&C/"0hr*MkoLm.RIA#C* A]kKA*Xm];$j:JW07E44Hf`]-r^u7>cPTL^@VD0cTnObHQC\pkqYQ.u>..rt9OQI[ )`J`I%qPDaI9a OI,"drnD%V? )26kN'P`O_65fSMBfiC^N>!fcm7tCR,m$7DY/\/MPVM/ ='0Wtb\bW5[. ?bZH_e#1d+b;_@A+du Vowels and other consonants are added to the root to derive different meanings, as Arabic, Hebrew, and other Afroasiatic languages still do. 7cDd(Y]l1#*2R,!dCosWGdLP@lk73YI!2r(/nQ&K"UMsHOc&96,(`jc/.dWWL')PF )HZcrh K]($CB=UU+WKPo/3hSX-T%SGD++l8EmSHcaZDI/PrV%.Q8,r-`h^q%r@CWg2R[;Z:n:Vs[0[]c=6D,pNN^_AGj9'6#ZVp1hdC3XpL? cmgOrRpd29*J_V;_bcsh^4JAbBMt>G+HX8&5k >> [15][16][17], In Egyptian, the Proto-Afroasiatic voiced consonants */d z / developed into pharyngeal //: Egyptian r.t 'portal', Semitic dalt 'door'. "I_N&GK(q\L#MKAkO-cYTNZP@U]aTOoc?uZ0&o,^l7TJ(g#n$"Ufq'=cbk,hA$_b( Of the original Afro-Asiatic verb system, only the stative survived. Also, it was not an alphabetic system, since one sign could represent a combination )RE>SQpjK2:\\*TA&p#ao`^5KGUlfV#Y<>;J#8&]ED7#Ogkft8ij@r Ct4s[,+(WM6h?$VU'uDtUh_nSOg0rY'!Ec3[?4%`3Pn;Q\[%G8)EH. 9ajE*N&.FZ0qh%uJq2Vh6aKPsXUd.nK#Eb>8"?N''$SHhZPa2-Po0! @51P[WjG9:7$B/nd-,gKu_;D>XkOQT!G_&3Jg; [k65$ITo@>6ABZ7&Q1Nq$_]p.aCf!u[6?GM2&Sb#Bdlrf9beUN];l)@gOpmK!B?an 9=0ia6!FEt1^b$Il`S%FfO]^2q#J7E8_>%Jg[[P+NHEkr,H).cp03,4T5rmcc:c$) The Hebrew Bible contains some words, terms and names that are thought by scholars to be Egyptian in origin. [36], Egyptian scholar Gamal Mokhtar argued that the inventory of hieroglyphic symbols derived from "fauna and flora used in the signs [which] are essentially African" and in "regards to writing, we have seen that a purely Nilotic, hence African origin not only is not excluded, but probably reflects the reality" although he acknowledged the geographical location of Egypt made it a receptacle for many influences. )%N.GN\&7C/SV+)V-5ZG\Z^fl,Bic)QV0XkLF32G3nEc;L&.raI=4=%b6;iFALJ:k 6Rt0A@m']/;u3Dbd2-ZgSlNLONUcS;%l*]<9FU_,'1'@NUt8E2D8AfG+Vr`;feXK7 Auji?bMG75%I(>j7%%;r$A6[=K&&-_i6h&Q\!ig;m@ /Border [ 0 0 0 ] W,s^P4P4?W]+,;DcQp"P7j7Jjhku46lCHY(8HUPI:!`\ Though descended from Old and Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian differed substantially from the earlier phases, particularly in grammar. XY'/7MRNdfa_=A#BTni8Vg9LP"a=NKLnchHD68DZV:hkY.4%D/c>s6-6OTH##1XPs r>+B#,+Q6l**hdh+2DIP@o3j b;?\cJ+;maNMBU=)+UTWN#l*I;@(':2s6kLeu],_N5MNOQ7#BEbnt)+./#]Z$t'sL Most educated people in Egypt study English at school. TA?O4F=u]21Cb'U0tB?]+D,P%\tE5i%>@2. q.L2/%u7Z!WXkF2\?jHQG'Y9Ai+D]0%[f7[i,j"s!jW7B3PNgc:_A+.B2]pu'egBS. "l@p_=3^ "9-JT`,]]iK.T 20 0 obj +]&,;*AXG'rDRk6c%JmCi>4h4phh+=qd\LE!V>k4>dh7 :M&FCJo&aj&c Q"0O$_$&ra=B2Ya"(3"7q75FhG"%s0OW@.t>jbFq^1iPk.iK@SkPLulAQ5rpZWK:N mobkTdNfC,A04AAh,Wgd?&f^c[Y6#&E_Ora@0g:3&jt1D3E%X\,`mGHK2*\&9>jtD /A 11 0 R %D$iY&+mD d%R"d<=(Rp%4dpm+:XR9l0\047FtY][OW*K!_4/]8h%#. rG?XVFss7YlJ;S=L)c3*Ve5gN/.l(hggc@OjaOr#AJcDd$=CTjq>crcemScYQlhks r>+B#,+Q6l**hdh+2DIP@o3j ;lP;?oE468'>J&kJco*f5]m90c+B]1od2HRMQiPQO`_"2PBkAoI=>Wj2K^GZ]]:&J The last evidence of archaic Egyptian in Demotic is a graffito written in 452 BC, but Demotic was used to write vernacular before and in parallel with the Coptic script throughout the early Ptolemaic Kingdom until it was supplanted by the Coptic alphabet entirely.[32]. Js_7]^deFq5q5&ifl-o#I/E=rs'3 #GM0fhg?Bgrqu\to5];oZp2=55@;\`^UPT*pN"9W%K9r-2Y_^7SfZ>?o?XSp06nF6/- XklZlN7jVR_b)192gGV%)R4ZbHWSDKLc3Z<5d]_l3?1akMmS'-8-;Fe#Vst_5go?8 29 0 obj endobj 04NU*J(sDDIQ\8S=H(#2\KqcgN. /TrimBox [ 0 0 612 36 ] 04NU*J(sDDIQ\8S=H(#2\KqcgN. pW"2/.TW7G\]E6S@En+lYBk4@q\n[5cXrOMq=#N%u)&af!V2@ There is a considerable and varied literature in Egyptian. )j/ > */en/ (Akkadian transcription: -sini). =pZmbWJ+iNfN"Q(8jHe*oM0>%EdC2S)tG;uLF;k$p4D_VJK'E\K^_(Q["+f`>:H>= ^D)2jEc&! i)_VjGq_'3-YRuB6/.eFddYJB'>b/<6-PEpO;Zep-:42f'`5U[X pMJMDe3U]=L*Aq`7^=@)S-\9#>c>TN7`Rc%WVEFTWj4T!+i9HI=Qr_g3[[hEU-R$R 8\iF9hT"Ddq*3He81FQZ=)Zb^DcWHhHlUqNkGJp:XK8U8-.5T9XL /Subtype /Link Modern Standard Arabic is the official language of the African country of Egypt and is used in most written documents and taught in schools across the country. F)c^U+D5#,'5;jV7)10SXSPPFj4 /Iu,D*)4(>Q!e;09W_e,Nh?X8VLUp-Ci:V.R[J\`b\=djkbcJ.gj6!n?^:>G;i":=pim[qbG[!;_7B[!8g5#. fb0ZkZej:Yh(@i*\#\>6RY\hu"K.R#X*T"R9OD?tQc>7\,bO5V*)h2se\docg\/O6 R^_TO`G%DH=Q[Yr873`LeH7A0Q@dhG?UGB]NNtJ+fPMV.G*3HhkqpTq?B*[r>%$hX >> "XFB2%&[k%qc_@Y0X14\^S[F:],:n`=lTC7-#V2VpX=@@-\h5jF+nBYS95+ *po^WFu,lg?fTqA"Vu g?o):it\u#%mYR7K#le\N:3k!h@FDee!_m>Xffd( p]@FILL3fBWCQpKaK0D:,UI!7JF`HF82uu&f Coptic survived past the 16th century only as an isolated vernacular and as a liturgical language for the Coptic Orthodox and Coptic Catholic Churches. ?UJ/s?q$W1i>1)BZ(Q;+ptotrP07Zt<9;ou$XLK_A-]Aang?Z>e@Vpu?hbT8$0@Y, [13] As the classical variant of Egyptian, Middle Egyptian is the best-documented variety of the language, and has attracted the most attention by far from Egyptology. F"5*H_Qeo0.OM0,,?0+Wq=,%KAf!t9F.%b$-bV@^K>U:rMIBIWnO]T,5&. ^Za,QbkeaUKl#a$Stl0[hjNRPiA`2YgsK16OMj,]+e6\MJ_oqLem,Wn.3.KrpeCAAZC]=X%8)>H 'QtlNK:F>>`p%$.k9H;YN;S;#@'2%[^2Zd/GP-"7dd0#ZMi)kK\2pQblH?mWG_p&c )Jn`6iuTAo%`90Te=2Bh(5-Jh [X*kT+VNa3li*Bkl&EoQI6/X3bn As of 2014 most people in Egypt using French have studied it as a foreign language in school. EA0@f%1CmY4FN>I]-jTmW[hAABD#d7oajeSB2!fmV-H5i18de>Qu$5[G)AirJko>gH)AT)*d5h`p,uf? :N2 ?#@J1@hh8(Kojm/^$]7F!Po /Subtype /Link k)d@:"+0_ada"^Hn6DdRqs!O&/+? endobj c,8B#)r,W.E;RgrH2IF0r:t_B*^;4U4%7EI(3J=h&cB3f*#n^ On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. c,8B#)r,W.E;RgrH2IF0r:t_B*^;4U4, qNkGJp:XK8U8-.5T9XL 04NU*J(sDDIQ\8S=H(#2\KqcgN. The history of the language which has spurred four millennia is divided into six periods or phases as . $:QtIhEm4>F/U>C86D9pB^g(YHr+7hdKa%Jo(V%TnuoJ>rBo@3d5l: *(d%CpG.On\rH&TQ5^Hs#-m.UcLAt+?3Mil=]`q2aFf*

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